Subtraction Within 20 ✏️
What is Subtraction?
Subtraction means taking away or finding the difference. We use it to find out how many are left, how many more one group has, or how much smaller something is. It's useful for sharing toys, counting cookies you've eaten, or seeing how many crayons are left in the box!
How to Subtract: Step-by-Step
- Start with the bigger number. This is the whole amount you begin with.
- Take away the smaller number. Count backwards, use your fingers, or imagine objects being removed.
- What's left is your answer! The number you have now is the difference.
Let's See Some Examples!
Example 1: 12 - 5 = ?
Imagine you have 12 strawberries. 🍓 You eat 5 of them. How many are left?
Start at 12. Count back 5: 11, 10, 9, 8, 7. You have 7 strawberries left! So, 12 - 5 = 7.
Example 2: 16 - 9 = ?
You can also think of a number line. Start at 16. Hop back 9 spots. You land on 7.
You can also use facts you know: 10 - 9 = 1. Then add the 6 back: 1 + 6 = 7.
Watch Out! Common Mistakes
Subtracting the wrong way: Remember, you always start with the bigger number! You can't do 5 - 12. If you have 5 cookies, you can't take away 12.
Counting mistakes: Be careful when counting backwards. Use your fingers or draw dots to help you keep track!
Tips & Tricks 🧠
- Use your fingers! They are always with you.
- Draw a picture. Cross out the ones you are taking away.
- Think of addition. If 9 + 7 = 16, then 16 - 9 must be 7!
- Learn the "Make a Ten" strategy: For 15 - 8, think "What do I add to 8 to make 15?" The answer is 7!
How to Practice
You can get better at subtraction by practicing a little every day!
- Use flashcards.
- Play online math games.
- Ask a family member to give you quick problems like "What is 11 minus 4?"
- Use small toys, blocks, or cereal pieces to act out subtraction stories.